工业废水的有效治理应遵循如下原则： The effective treatment of industrial waste water shall follow the following principles: ①最根本的是改革生产工艺，尽可能在生产过程中杜绝有毒有害废水的产生。如以无毒用料或产品取代有毒用料或产品。 The most fundamental thing is to reform the production process and eliminate poisonous and harmful waste water as much as possible in the process of production. Use non-toxic materials or products as a substitute for toxic ingredients or products. ②在使用有毒原料以及产生有毒的中间产物和产品的生产过程中，采用合理的工艺流程和设备，并实行严格的操作和监督，消除漏逸，尽量减少流失量。 The production process of intermediate products and products in the use of toxic and toxic materials in the process and equipment reasonably, and the implementation of operation and strict supervision, to eliminate leakage, minimize the loss. ③含有剧毒物质废水，如含有一些重金属、放射性物质、高浓度酚、氰等废水应与其他废水分流，以便于处理和回收有用物质。 Containing toxic substances waste water, such as containing some heavy metals, radioactive substances, high concentrations of phenol, cyanogen and other wastewater, should be diverted with other wastewater, in order to facilitate the processing and recovery of useful substances. [2] ④一些流量大而污染轻的废水如冷却废水，不宜排入下水道，以免增加城市下水道和污水处理厂的负荷。这类废水应在厂内经适当处理后循环使用。 [2] some large flow and light pollution waste water, such as cooling water, should not be discharged into the sewer, so as not to increase the burden of urban sewage and sewage treatment plants. This kind of waste water should be recycled in the factory after proper treatment. ⑤成分和性质类似于城市污水的有机废水，如造纸废水、制糖废水、食品加工废水等，可以排入城市污水系统。应建造大型污水处理厂，包括因地制宜修建的生物氧化塘、污水库、土地处理系统等简易可行的处理设施。与小型污水处理厂相比，大型污水处理厂既能显著降低基本建设和运行费用，又因水量和水质稳定，易于保持良好的运行状况和处理效果。 The composition and properties are similar to those of municipal wastewater, such as papermaking wastewater, sugar refinery wastewater, food processing wastewater and so on. They can be discharged into the municipal wastewater system. Large scale sewage treatment plants should be constructed, including simple and feasible treatment facilities, such as biological oxidation ponds, sewage reservoirs and land treatment systems built according to local conditions. Compared with small-scale wastewater treatment plants, large sewage treatment plants can significantly reduce the capital construction and operating costs, and because of the stability of water and water quality, it is easy to maintain good operating conditions and treatment results. ⑥一些可以生物降解的有毒废水如含酚、氰废水，经厂内处理后，可按容许排放标准排入城市下水道，由污水处理厂进一步进行生物氧化降解处理。 Some of the biodegradable toxic wastewater such as phenol and cyanide wastewater, after the factory processing, according to the allowable emission standard is discharged into the city sewer, sewage treatment plant for further biological degradation.